Science, Technologies, Innovations №3(27) 2023, 47-62 p

 PDF

http://doi.org/10.35668/2520-6524-2023-3-05

Zasanska S. V. — PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Senior Research Fellow, Head of scientific, methodical and information support of expert activity department, Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information, 180, Antonovycha Str., Kyiv, Ukraine, 03150; +38 (044) 521-00-10; zasanski@gmail.com; ORCID: 0000-0003-3819-0404

EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE IN THE EXAMINATION OF SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS AND DECISION-MAKING ON THEIR FINANCING

Abstract. Europe is considered one of the leaders in the field of scientific research and innovation, so analyzing its approaches to expertise and funding can help other countries to improve their practices. Studying the specifics of expertise and financing of scientific projects is extremely important for the development of the scientific research sphere. Therefore, this article is devoted to the study and analysis of the features of expertise used in Europe to evaluate scientific projects, as well as decision-making mechanisms regarding their funding. The paper analyzes the main approaches and criteria for expert evaluation of scientific projects in Europe, characterizes the peculiarities of their financing. The most successful strategies and mechanisms that contribute to effective decision-making regarding the distribution of funds between scientific projects have been studied. The scientific article aims to enrich the knowledge and understanding of the processes related to the examination and funding of scientific research and to obtain theoretical and methodological data that can serve for the further improvement of the management systems of scientific research projects and be used in the field of scientific and scientific and technical management examination The results of this study can be useful for scientific organizations, universities, government structures and other interested parties that have a direct impact on scientific development and the system of scientific expertise.

Keywords: examination of scientific projects, financing of scientific research, financing tools, decision-making, research infrastructure, European scientific fund.

REFERENCES

  1. Pro naukovu i naukovo-tekhnichnu diialnist Zakon Ukrainy № 2849-IX vid 13.12.2022 r. [Law of Ukraine No. 2849-IX dated 13.12.2022 on scientific and scientific and technical activities]. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/848-19#Text [in Ukr.].
  2. Yurchenko, T. A. (2023). Fond NDDKR i zakhyshchenykh dysertatsii, 2012-2022: statystyka, analityka, tendentsii [The Fund for R&D and defended dissertations, 2012-2022: statistics, analytics, trends]. Retrieved from: http://surl.li/kfbho [in Ukr.].
  3. Boholib, T. M. (2009). Model finansuvannia y orhanizatsiia diialnosti vyshchoho navchalnoho zakladu [Model of financing and organization of activities of a higher educational institution]. Finansy Ukrainy [Finances of Ukraine]. 8, 40–50. Access mode: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Fu_2009_8_5 [in Ukr.].
  4. Buhai, V. Z., Buhai, A. V., & Renhevych, Yu. Iu. (2010). Aspekty biudzhetuvannia v upravlinni hospodarskoiu diialnistiu na pidpryiemstva [Aspects of budgeting in the management of economic activity at enterprises]. Visnyk Zaporizkoho natsionalnoho universytetu [Bulletin of Zaporizhzhya National University]. 4 (8), 10–16. [in Ukr.].
  5. Buhai, V. Z., & Riezanov, E. O. (2019). Osnovni napriamy zberezhennia finansovoi stiikosti pidpryiemstva v umovakh kryzy [The main directions of maintaining the financial stability of the enterprise in crisis conditions]. Ekonomichnyi prostir [Economic space]. 142, 112–122. [in Ukr.].
  6. Nahornyi, Ye. O. (2018). Udoskonalennia systemy monitorynhu ta kontroliu pry realizatsii proektiv DPP v Ukraini [Improving the system of monitoring and control during the implementation of PPP projects in Ukraine]. Intelekt XXI [Intelligence XXI].  6, 127–132. Retrieved from:  http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/int_XXI_2018_6_27 [in Ukr.].
  7. Nahrebelnyi, V. P. (2010). Vdoskonaliuvaty koordynatsiiu fundamentalnykh pravovykh doslidzhen [To improve the coordination of fundamental legal research]. Pravova derzhava [Constitutional state]. 21, 590–593. [in Ukr.].
  8. Skopenko, N. S., Yevsieieva-Severyna, I. V., Kyrychenko, O. M., & Nikolaienko, S. M. (2023). Otsinka vtrat ukrainsko-ho biznesu vnaslidok viiny ta kliuchovi napriamky vidnovlennia vitchyznianoi ekonomiky u pisliavoiennyi chas [Assess-ment of the losses of Ukrainian business as a result of the war and the key directions of recovery of the national econ-omy in the post-war period]. Investytsii: praktyka ta dosvid [Investments: practice and experience]. 4, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2023.4.11. [in Ukr.].
  9. Coccia, M. (2018). Optimization in R&D intensity and tax on corporate profits for supporting labor productivity of nations. The Journal of Technology Transfer. Springer US. 43, 792–814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9572-1.
  10. Coccia, M. (2016). Radical innovations as drivers of breakthroughs: characteristics and properties of the management of technology leading to superior organisational performance in the discovery … Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. Routledge. 28, 381–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2015.1095287.
  11. Coccia, M. (2019). The theory of technological parasitism for the measurement of the evolution of technology and technological forecasting.  North-Holland. 141, 289–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.12.012.
  12. Falavigna, G., & Ippoliti,  R. (2018). I ndustrial spatial dynamics, financial health and bankruptcy: Evidence from Italian manufacturing industry. Economia e Politica Industrial. 45, 533–554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-018-0102-4.
  13. Falavigna, G., & Manello, A. (2023). The influence of financial and technological structure on eco-efficiency: An application of DDF bootstrapped framework in the Italian polluting industries. International Journal of Computational Economics and Econometrics. Inderscience Publishers (IEL). 13, 35–60. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijcee.2023.127290.
  14. Bloch, C., & Sørensen, M. P. (2014). The size of research funding: Trends and implications.  Science and Public Policy, 42, 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scu019.
  15. Aagaard, K., Kladakis, A., & Nielsen, M. W. (2019). Concentration or dispersal of research funding? Quantitative Science Studies. 1, 117–149. https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00002.
  16. Madsen, E. B., & Aagaard, K. (2020). Concentration of Danish research funding on individual researchers and research topics: Patterns and potential drivers. Quantitative Science Studies. 1, 1159–1181. https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00077.
  17. Franssen, T., Scholten, W., Hessels, L. K., & de Rijcke, S. (2018). The Drawbacks of Project Funding for Epistemic Innovation: Comparing Institutional Affordances and Constraints of Different Types of Research Funding. Minerva. 56, 11–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-017-9338-9.
  18. (2011). European Peer Review Guide: Integrating Policies and Practices into Coherent Procedures. Retrieved from: https://www.esf.org/fileadmin/user_upload/esf/European_Peer_Review_Guide_2011.pdf. https://doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2011.121.
  19. Poiedynok, N. L. (2017). Analitychnyi ohliad orhanizatsii naukovo-tekhnichnoi ekspertyzy proiektiv ta vidboru inno-vatsii u krainakh Yevropy [Analytical review of the organization of scientific and technical examination of projects and the selection of innovations in European countries]. Nauka, tekhnolohii, innovatsii [Science, technology, innovation]. 3, 23–29. [in Ukr.].
  20. Kuchansky Xu, H., & Gladka, M. (2022). Devising an Individually Oriented Method for Selection of Scientific Activity Subjects for Implementing Scientific Projects Based on Scientometric Analysis. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. Vol. 6. 3 (114), https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.248040.
  21. Schäfer, M. S., Metag, J., Feustle, J., & Herzog, L. (2018). Selling science 2.0: What scientific projects receive crowdfunding online? Sage journals. 27 (5), 496–514. Retrieved from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/0963662516668771. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662516668771.
  22. How We Make Funding Decisions. National Science Foundation. Retrieved from: https://new.nsf.gov/funding/merit-review.
  23. Patton, W., & McMahon, M. (2015). The systems theory framework of career development: 20 years of contribution to theory and practice. Australian Journal of Career Development. 24 (3), 141–147. Retrieved from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/93732/3/93732.pdf. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416215579944.
  24. Patton, W., & McMahon, M. (2014). Career development and systems theory: Connecting theory and practice. Rotterdam / Boston / Taipei: Sense publishers, 475 p. Retrieved from:  http://surl.li/kdxzv. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004466210_015.
  25. Gifford, R. (2023). Dissonance and Engagement: Case Study of an International VET Project. College of Arts and Education Victoria University, Melbourne Australia. Retrieved from: https://vuir.vu.edu.au/45875/1/GIFFORD_Ryan-Thesis.pdf.
  26. (2019). Cross-cultural perspectives in career development. Career Development and Counseling. Retrieved from: https://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/95395_book_item_95395.pdf.
  27. National Institutes of Health. Research Training and Career Development. Retrieved from: https://researchtraining.nih.gov/.
  28. Profession Finder. Total Proffesions. Retrieved from: http://surl.li/kdyhv.
  29. Trench, B., Bucchi, M. (2021). Routledge Handbook of Public Communication of Science and Technology.  Routledge.  Retrieved from: http://surl.li/kdxxf. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003039242.
  30. Europe and Scandinavia. Cafe scientifique. Retrieved from: http://cafescientifique.org/europe-and-scandinavia.
  31. AbuAlnaaj, K., Ahmed, V., & Saboor, S. (2020). A Strategic Framework for Smart Campus. IEOM Society International. Retrieved from: http://www.ieomsociety.org/ieom2020/papers/488.pdf.
  32. Hrušák, J. (2021). European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) – Roadmap 2021 Update. Retrieved from: https://www.esfri.eu/.
  33. Research and innovation. European Commission. Retrieved from: https://commission.europa.eu/research-and-innovation_en.
  34. (2020). Supporting the Transformative Impact of Research Infrastructures on European Research. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union. Retrieved from: http://surl.li/kdxvf.
  35. (2023). Very large research infrastructures. Policy issues and options. OECD iLibrary. Retrieved from: http://surl.li/kdxvk.
  36. Our Expertise. UNESCO. Retrieved from: https://www.unesco.org/en/our-expertise.
  37. Funding. NIH Grants & Funding. Retrieved from: https://grants.nih.gov/funding/index.htm.
  38. Get EU funding for your research and innovation. Spinverse. Retrieved from: http://surl.li/kadru.
  39. European Funding Guide. Find money for your education. Retrieved from: https://www.european-funding-guide.eu/.
  40. SciVal Grants. Elsevier. Retrieved from: https://beta.elsevier.com/products/scival/grants?trial=true.
  41. Doing business Funding. ABA invest work film. Retrieved from: http://surl.li/kadxk.
  42. ERASMUS + Program. Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu National Louis University. Retrieved from: http://surl.li/kadzr.
  43. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Developing talents, advancing research: Funding opportunities. European Commission. Retrieved from: https://marie-sklodowska-curie-actions.ec.europa.eu/funding.
  44. Investments. Venture Capital Firms. Retrieved from: https://level2.vc/investments/.
  45. AngelList Talent is now Wellfound. Wellfound. Retrieved from: https://wellfound.com/.
  46. Y Combinator: Why Y Combinator? Retrieved from: https://www.ycombinator.com/.
  47. Inside a Techstars Accelerator. Techstars. Retrieved from:  https://www.techstars.com/accelerator-hub.
  48. Search Companies. Crunchbase. Retrieved from: https://www.crunchbase.com.
  49. European Research Council.  Retrieved from: https://erc.europa.eu/homepage.
  50. Newsletter. Fulbright Poland. Retrieved from: https://fulbright.edu.pl/newsletter/.
  51. Get matched to Scholarships that fit you. Scholarships. Retrieved from: https://www.scholarships.com/.
  52. Discover new ways to help pay for school. Fastweb. Retrieved from: https://www.fastweb.com/financial-aid.
  53. Nobel prizes and laureates. The Nobel Prize. Retrieved from: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/.
  54. Breakthrough of the Year. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_of_the_Year.
  55. Awards. What is the Royal Society’s medals and awards programme? The Royal Society. Retrieved from: https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/.
  56. Awards. Nature. Retrieved from: https://www.nature.com/nature/awards.
  57. Welcome to Scientific Societies. Scientific Societies. Retrieved from: https://www.scientificsocieties.org/.
  58. Vidkryti konkursy Prohramy YeS «Tsyfrova Yevropa» (2021-2027) [Open competitions of the EU Program “Digital Europe” (2021-2027)]. Diia [Action]. Retrieved from: https://business.diia.gov.ua/program-open-calls [in Ukr.].
  59. Konkursy hrantiv [Grant competitions]. Fond Skhidna Yevropa [Eastern Europe Foundation]. Retrieved from: https://eef.org.ua/konkursy-grantiv/ [in Ukr.].
  60. Vidpovidi na poshyreni zapytannia shchodo vidkrytykh hrantovykh konkursiv [Answers to frequently asked questions about open grant competitions]. Yednannia [Unity]. Retrieved from: http://surl.li/kdzmw [in Ukr.].
  61. Ahapova, O. V. (2022). Mizhdystsyplinarnist v ukrainskomu doslidnytskomu prostori yak dominanta naukovykh innovatsii [Interdisciplinarity in the Ukrainian research space as a dominant factor in scientific innovation]. Ukrainskyi doslidnytskyi prostir v umovakh viiny: adaptatsiia y perezavantazhennia tekhnichnykh i yurydychnykh nauk. Kharkiv-Ryha [Ukrainian research space in the conditions of war: adaptation and reboot of technical and legal sciences. Kharkiv-Riga].  Retrieved from: https://dspace.library.khai.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/2759/Agapova.pdf?sequence=1 [in Ukr.].