Science, Technologies, Innovations №1(33) 2025, 30-36 р

http://doi.org/10.35668/2520-6524-2025-1-04

Guliyeva Narmina Allakhverdi — Postgraduate Student, Scientific Research Institute of Economics, 196, Hasan-bek Zardabi Ave, Baku, Azerbaijan AZ1122; narminacabbarova@gmail.com; ORCID 0000-0002-3007-4444

THE ROLE, EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CLUSTERS IN MODERN ECONOMIES

Abstract. Clusters are formed by firms in related industrial sectors concentrated in a certain geographical area, gaining competitive advantage through proximity, having specialized supplier and buyer (marketing) advantages due to their location, and supported by physical facilities, education and research opportunities. With the transition from mass production systems to flexible production systems, clusters have become the most important research area in regional development theories. Clusters mostly; includes end product or service companies, specialized input, intermediate machinery suppliers, and service and financial institutions and firms in related industries. However, it also includes units that provide specialized education, conduct knowledge and research, provide technical support (such as universities, think tanks, vocational training providers) and set standards. In the modern world where global competition is intensifying, clusters are emerging as an attractive element of competition. This article attempts to clarify the characteristics of successful cluster examples, taking into account the historical development of clustering. It also seeks to answer the question of whether clusters can be evaluated as an economic and regional development strategy in the long term.
The main purpose of the article is to provide detailed information about the role and benefits of clusters in the economy and industry, to explain the development stages and economic impacts of clusters. There are various theoretical approaches to studying clusters, and some of these approaches are analyzed and reviewed in this article. The creation and development of clusters supports the growth of the economy and industry. In general, the development of clusters has a positive impact not only on direct economic outcomes, but also on areas such as education, innovation and social well-being. This makes the future economy more competitive, innovative and sustainable, while at the same time creating a more stable social and economic environment.

Keywords: cluster, economy, innovation, industry, infrastructure.

REFERENCES

  1. Adamova, K Z. (2008). Klastery: ponjatie, uslovija vozniknovenija i funkcionirovanija [Zelmanovna Clusters: concept, conditions of emergence and functioning]. Vestnik SGTU [Bulletin of the SSTU]. 3 (34), 129–135. Retrieved from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/klastery-ponyatie-usloviya-vozniknoveniya-i-funktsionirovaniya. [in Russ.].
  2. Andersson, T., Schwaag-Serger, S., Sörvik, J., & Wise, E. (2004). Cluster Policies Whitebook. IKED – International Organisation for Knowledge Economy and Enterprise Development. Holmbergs, 250 p.
  3. Audretsch, D. B., & Feldman, M. P. (2016). Innovative Clusters and the Industry Life Cycle. Review of Industrial Organization. 11 (2), 253–273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00157670.
  4. Bahshjan, Je. A. (2019). Klastery v sovremennoj jekonomike: sushhnost’, harakternye cherty i generiruemye jeffekty [Clusters in the modern economy: essence, characteristic features and generated effects]. Teoreticheskaja i prikladnaja jekonomika [Theoretical and Practical Economics]. 1, 64–74. Retrieved from: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28209 [in Russ.].
  5. Bresnahan, T., Gambardella, A., & Saxenian, A. (2021). Old Economy for ‘New Economy’ Outcomes: Cluster Formation in the New Silicon Valleys. Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC. Industrial and Corporate Change. 10 (4), 835–860.
  6. Dohse, D. (2021). Cluster-Based Technology Policy – The German Experience. Industry and Innovation. 14 (1), 69–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13662710601130848.
  7. DPT (2007). Dokuzuncu Kalkınma Planı 2007–2013. Sanayi Politikaları Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, 421 s. Ankara. Retrieved from: https://kutuphane.tarimorman.gov.tr/vufind/Record/16199.
  8. Hertog, den P. (2019). Cluster analysis and cluster-based policy making in OECD countries: an introduction to the theme. Boosting Innovation: The Cluster. 17 p.
  9. Islankina, Z. A. (2014). Klasternyj podhod v jekonomike: konceptual’nye osnovy, istorija i sovremennost’ [Cluster approach in economics: conceptual foundations, history and modernity]. Tavricheskiy nauchnyy obozrevatel [Tavrichesky scientific observer]. 4 (9), 9–13. [in Russ.].
  10.  Kabataş, K., & Akgün, A. K. (2021). Yüksek Teknoloji İçeren Sanayi Kümelenmeleri, Havacılık Kümelenmeleri Örneği. İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 3, 420–443. DOI: 10.33416/baybem.952476.
  11. Kahraman, M. (2022). Kümelenme ve Pazarlama Performansı Arasındaki İlişki: Bilişim Kümelenmelerinde Yer Alan İşletmeler Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Bursa. 121 s.
  12. Klejner, G. B., Tambovcev, V. L., & Kachalov, R. M. (2007). Predprijatie v uslovijah neopredelennosti: riski, strategii, bezopasnost [Enterprise in conditions of uncertainty: risks, strategies, security]. Moscow, P. 281. [in Russ.].
  13. Marshall, A. (1993). Principy jekonomicheskoj nauki [Principles of Economic Science]. Vol. 1. 832 p. [in Russ.].
  14. Müderrisoğlu, B., & Gezici, K. F. (2015). Mevcut Yığılmaların Kümelenmeye Dönüşümünde İlişkilerin Mekansal Dağılımı ve Yakınlık Olgusu. Planlama. 25 (2), 107–121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5505/planlama.2015.40085.
  15. (2016). Obzor zarubezhnyh issledovanij v oblasti formirovanija klasterov i ocenki jeffektov dlja predprijatij – uchastnikov [Review of foreign research in the field of cluster formation and assessment of effects for participating enterprises]. Sovremennyj tehnologii upravleniya [Modern management technologies]. 12 (72). Retrieved from: https://sovman.ru/article/7207/. [in Russ.].
  16.  Swann, P., & Prevezer, M. (2020). A comparison of the dynamics of industrial clustering in computing and biotechnology. Research Policy. 25 (7), 1139–1157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(96)00897-9.
  17. Porter, M. Je. (2000). Konkurencija: Ucheb. posobie [Competition: Textbook. allowance]. Moscow, 250 p.
  18. Porter, M. (2010). Konkurencija – Obnovlennoe i rasshirennoe izd [Competition – Updated and expanded]. Moscow, 187 p. [in Russ.].
  19. Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Refolo, M. C. (2017). The Link Between Clusters of SMEs Puplic and University Research in Italy. Sage Journals. 35 (8), 1477–1492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/a35297.
  20. Hubert, S., & Nadvi, K. (2019). Clustering and Industrialization: Introduction. World Development. 27 (9), 1503–1514. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00072-8.
  21. Thoennes, M., Busse, A., & Eckstein, L. (2014). Forecast of Performance Parameters of Automotive Fuel Cell Systems – Delphi Study Results. Fuel Cells. 14, 781–791. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.201400035.
  22. Wennberg, K. (2008). The effect of clusters on the survival and performance of new firms. Small Business Economics. 34, 221–241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9123-0.